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Īlthough Ghalib valued Persian over Urdu, his fame rests on his writings in Urdu. He stayed at Ghalib's home for two years and taught him Persian, Arabic, philosophy, and logic. When Ghalib was in his early teens, a newly converted Muslim tourist from Iran (Abdus Samad, originally named Hormuzd, a Zoroastrian) came to Agra. Ghalib wrote in Perso-Arabic script which is used to write modern Urdu, but often called his language "Hindi" one of his works was titled Ode-e-Hindi ("Perfume of Hindi"). During Ghalib's period, the words "Hindi" and Urdu" were synonyms (see Hindi–Urdu controversy). He received an education in Persian and Arabic at a young age. His first language was Urdu, but Persian and Turkish were also spoken at home. Ghalib started composing poetry at the age of 11.
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After the decline of the Mughal Empire and the rise of the British Raj, despite his many attempts, Ghalib could never get the full pension restored. He had himself remarked during his lifetime that he would be recognized by later generations. īeing a member of declining Mughal nobility and old landed aristocracy, he never worked for a livelihood, lived on either royal patronage of Mughal Emperors, credit, or the generosity of his friends. He was also appointed by the Emperor as the royal historian of the Mughal Court. He was also appointed as a tutor of Prince Fakhr-ud Din Mirza, eldest son of Bahadur Shah II, (d. As the Emperor was himself a poet, Mirza Ghalib was appointed as his poet tutor in 1854. He was also an important courtier of the royal court of the Emperor.
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He also received the title of 'Mirza Nosha' from the Emperor, thus adding Mirza as his first name. The conferment of these titles was symbolic of Mirza Ghalib's incorporation into the nobility of Delhi. The Emperor also added to it the additional title of "Najm-ud-daula". In 1850, Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar bestowed upon Mirza Ghalib the title of "Dabir-ul-Mulk". How can Sahbai be a poet? He has never tasted the wine, nor has he ever gambled he has not been beaten with slippers by lovers, nor has he ever seen the inside of a jail. : 41 Once, when someone praised the poetry of the pious Sheikh Sahbai in his presence, Ghalib immediately retorted: In the Mughal court circles, he even acquired a reputation as a "ladies' man". He was once imprisoned for gambling and subsequently relished the affair with pride. Ghalib was proud of his reputation as a rake. She was considered to be pious, conservative, and God-fearing. There are conflicting reports regarding his relationship with his wife. This world is a child's playground for meĪ spectacle unfolds day and night before me
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One of his couplets puts it in a nutshell: The idea that life is one continuous painful struggle that can end only when life itself ends, is a recurring theme in his poetry. In one of his letters, he describes his marriage as the second imprisonment after the initial confinement that was life itself. None of his seven children survived beyond infancy. He soon moved to Delhi, along with his younger brother, Mirza Yousuf, who had developed schizophrenia at a young age and later died in Delhi during the chaos of 1857. Īt the age of thirteen, Ghalib married Umrao Begum, daughter of Nawab Ilahi Bakhsh (brother of the Nawab of Ferozepur Jhirka). He was then raised by his Uncle Mirza Nasrullah Baig Khan, but in 1806, Nasrullah fell off an elephant and died from related injuries. Back then, Ghalib was a little over 5 years of age. He died in a battle in 1803 in Alwar and was buried at Rajgarh (Alwar, Rajasthan). He was employed first by the Nawab of Lucknow and then the Nizam of Hyderabad, Deccan. Mirza Abdullah Baig (Ghalib's father) married Izzat-ut-Nisa Begum, an ethnic Kashmiri, and then lived at the house of his father-in-law. Mirza Abdullah Baig and Mirza Nasrullah Baig were two of his sons. He worked in Lahore, Delhi and Jaipur, was awarded the sub-district of Pahasu ( Bulandshahr, UP) and finally settled in Agra, UP, India. His paternal grandfather, Mirza Qoqan Baig, was a Seljuq Turk who had immigrated to India from Samarkand during the reign of Ahmad Shah (1748–54). Mirza Ghalib was born in Kala Mahal, Agra into a family of Mughals who moved to Samarkand (in modern-day Uzbekistan) after the downfall of the Seljuk kings. The statue of Mirza Ghalib in Ghalib's Mansion.